1月28日托福考试考情回顾

Conversation 2 学生和教授

开头老师问你对我们项目了解么，怎么了解到的，学生说我看了网站，老师说网站好啊，很全，然后表示自己要对项目进行改进，使同学更积极。然后就开始介绍项目，学生表示自己是个很爱社交的人，喜欢说话和团队活动，老师说好啊，我们现在就有个事情需要你最后对比去年做的项目不错，今年这个项目还可以得到OWN DRPARTMENT 资助。

Conversation 3 学生和教授

一个学生上星期缺勤一节课，老师把他和另外一个同学组成小组写小说。并且举了两个同学写的角色和rock and roll有关。

Conversation 4 学生和教授

学生要参加一个recycle volunteer，老师建议chalking，学生不愿意，说想要与人互动的项目。

Lecture 1 新生儿的social evaluation

（重复2013.03.16）

老师开始讲social evaluation，女生问是不是天生的。老师说是天生的，六个月大的小孩就有这个能力了，男生说 infants 还 不会讲话，怎么知道他们有没有这个能力。老师就开始讲Yale的一个实验。第一步，找了三个木板，分别是圆形、方形、三角形，都画上眼睛。然后做了一个stage，上面有个hill，圆形在爬山，方形一直帮他忙，三角形一直hinder他。之后infants reach for the helper，就是方形。然后女生说，这不一定说明小孩有能力，说不定他们就是喜欢某个形状什么的。老师说，所以还有一个对照试验，这次都不画眼睛，意味着他们都没有生命，然后小孩就没有偏好了。

Lecture 2 globe skimmer的迁徙

（重复2017.03.04）

我们可能一直以为动物的迁徙是为了去寻找更舒适的气候，比如冬天的时候会有动物从florida往温暖的地方迁徙。但并非所有动物都是为了更舒适的气候而迁徙的。例如一种叫做GS的蜻蜓。关于它们的所有研究都还没有确凿的证据，但是值得一看。

它们会迁徙到马尔代夫，但马尔代夫对它们来说不是合适的生存据点。马尔代夫是海洋中的岛屿国家，所有的降雨都被沙山吸收了，所以很难在马代找到淡水。而淡水却是蜻蜓产卵的重要介质。那么这些GS蜻蜓是如何产卵的呢？它们会在马代的树林里寻找降雨后的水塘，在那里产卵。

它们从印度出发，飞往马代，再飞到非洲。有趣的是，它们从印度飞往马代是在向南飞行。但是当它们飞往马代时，季风正好往北吹。那么如此小小的生物是如何实现逆风飞行的呢？它们会提升飞行的高度：到到达一定高度时，空气的流向就反了。所以，GS可以再很高的高度借助往南的风飞行。

它们的飞行距离非常远，需要经历4代才能完成。如果我们再做些研究，有足够多的证据来证实他们的迁徙情况的话，GS有可能代替某某butterfly成为迁徙距离最远的生物。

Lecture 3 dragon bird

本篇讲了佛罗里达的dragon bird，飞到MALDIVE。教授接下来提出问题，那边没有能喝的水，都是雨水，这个鸟儿可以喝雨水，后来又问怎么知道什么时候下雨。还问了鸟儿如何从INDIA飞行到MALDIVE在飞到AFRIC，回答是鸟通过风的作用飞过去。

Lecture 4 人类获取食物的方式

本文主要介绍了人类获取食物的种种方式，包括hunting and gathering，饲养，horticulture及其他的方式。

Lecture 5 艺术学

艺术史：Pop and Super-realism

Lecture 6 化学

讲一种替代石油的能源，它来自植物，低碳，学生提问是否可以终止全球变暖，教授举斯坦福的一个研究回答

Lecture 7 生物学

温室效应不会伤害生物，有tem ponds和perm ponds，举例part animal和entire animal，用了小虾和青蛙为例。

Lecture 8 心理学

help的心理目的，朋友之间是互惠的，有些因为同情心，但是提出同情心也是互惠的一种，因为能得到心理上的满足。

My primary school didn’t allow us to buy take-out from off-campus stores or food stands. When I first heard about this policy, I was totally against it since I loved snacks such as chips and fried chicken wings. Plus, since my parents prepared home-cooked meals for me every night, I’d like to have something else for a change when staying on campus. At first, many students tried to sneak out of school and grab a bite of the junk food from time to time, but we soon got tired of it and made peace with our school’s policy. Surprisingly, it turned out to be beneficial for us. I realized that junk food was not that tempting after all, I mean, if I didn’t eat it for several days in a row, I wouldn’t miss them any longer. Besides, as time went by, we gradually developed a relatively healthy diet habit. We stayed away from greasy, high-calorie food most of the time and would only indulge ourselves a little bit on certain special occasions. I think this was one of our school’s efforts toward cultivating a healthier lifestyle for children.

Task2

Some professors don’t allow students to record their class lectures. 

Do you agree with this policy?

I’d support it if professors don’t allow students to record their lectures since it has something to do with copyright. Although most students wouldn’t tape lectures and then sell the videos to others, I do know some people who have tried to make commercial profits out of such courses without professors’ permission or even awareness. Besides, I don’t think video-taping lectures are going to do much help; instead, it may backfire since once students realize that they could listen to the lectures later, they probably wouldn’t be attentive in class, which would end up wasting them lots of time. Moreover, although some students may claim that recording lectures would enable them to better understand or review for the exams, there’re plenty of alternatives. For example, they could borrow notes from classmates, send e-mails to or have face-to-face conversation with professors. They could even attend the same lectures offered in another time or at another location. Students need to find the most effective ways to solve their problems in study.

Task3

Proposal letter:学生提出在食堂设立专门的桌子，给foreign language学生交流,可以练习语言并且交朋友。男同学不同意：

a.因为食堂人多，座位不够，特别是晚饭的时候，如果再设置专门的桌子给这些学生，对其他学生不公平；

b.学校已经有 language clubs 给学生机会去练习。男同学就参加了Japanese club,他们每周都会有见面，还会去看电影。

Task4

阅读：dimorphism（二态现象）:不同性别长相动物分工不一样。

听力：举例bird of paradise。雄性的羽毛明亮鲜艳，用来吸引配偶；雌性颜色单调 在家看孩子。并且，颜色单调不会被捕食者注意 有利于安全。

Task5

Problem–因为楼下经常放音乐，楼太老了不隔音，女生被邻居家噪音搞得睡不着 天天上课睡觉。

解决方案：

a.跟好朋友换房子，但好朋友家太小了；
b.她爸妈愿意给她买贵的地毯铺在地上，可是需要开两个小时车回去，她不想开车回去拿。

Task6

small business的好处.

例子是small clothing store，

a.跟顾客密切接触知道他们的喜好；

b.做改变更加灵活。

欧洲人在1520年到达澳大利亚的三个证据

1.     European map有证明；

2.     一种动物（澳大利亚的标志）能在已经发布的书中找到；

3.     Artifact-key可以通过soil分析来确定时间

听力：

1.     Map中澳大利亚的shape和内容都不准确。map是根据二手信息，比如口头消息来制作的，存在可疑之处。

2.     这种动物南美也有，欧洲人到了美国。

3.     新研究版办法根据soil确定key的时间。

独立写作

Which of the following should the government fund to improve young children’s education?

A. Hire more teachers to teach in a small class

B. Preschool education before kindergarten

C. To provide some training courses so that teachers can be more professional

三选一的考题，我们可以写两个选项的不足之处。 以下两段分别说明了A和B选项的不足之处，供学生参考。

First, hiring more teachers would only puzzle young children. As we all know, young kids, who just begin to involve in school life, are usually shy, and introvert, and it takes times to win their trust. When more teachers are put into their classes, their efficiency will not improve as is expected. In fact, they will have a hard time trying to figure out which teacher’s words they should pay more attention to, why teachers have different opinion on the same issue, and how to reach teachers’ expectation when the requirements are not consistent.

Second, preschool education before kindergarten will not work either. Nowadays, children attend kindergarten at the age of 5, an age they can hardly express themselves, and an age they have trouble controlling their emotion. If they are enrolled in preschool education, a period even before kindergarten, and semi-forced to learn to read and write excessively, learning might leave a negative impression on them. And what’s worse, they may feel frustrated and isolated, without the accompany of their trusted ones, in the learning process, and burst into tears inadvertently. As a result, the crying might become viral among preschoolers, and no kids can learn adequately in such an environment.